Berkeley Lab

Inorganic Scintillator Library

This page is limited to inorganic scintillators and corresponds to the original Scintillation Properties website that was created by Stephen Derenzo, Martin Boswell, Marvin Weber, and Kathleen Brennan at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory with support from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

Whenever possible, emissions from different mechanisms have been listed separately. These include emissions from luminescent activator ions (e.g. Ce3+, Eu2+), from self-trapped excitons (SX) (e.g. BaF2), from excitons bound to an isoelectronic hole trap (BX) (e.g. CdS:Te), from charge-transfer emissions (CX) (e.g. CaWO4), from core-valence transitions (CV) (e.g. BaF2), and from donor-acceptor recombination (d-a) (e.g. PbI2). In scintillator materials that do not contain a luminescent ion and where a specific emission mechanism has not been reported, the designation self-activated (SA) is used. Materials containing a luminescent ion as a major constituent (e.g. Bi3+ in Bi4Ge3O12 and Ce3+ in CeF3) are listed according to that ion, rather than as self-activated.

All measurements are at room temperature, unless otherwise noted.

Only measurements made with ionizing radiation (e.g. electrons, x-rays, gamma-rays) have been included. Many strongly fluorescent materials are poor scintillators. In these, photons can excite luminescent ions efficiently, but the electrons and holes produced by ionizing radiation are unable to do the same.

Measurements of crystalline powders have been included because: (1) Many scintillation materials are useful in powder form (e.g. x-ray intensifier screens), and (2) A material in powder form can provide a qualitative measurement of the luminosity, and good measurements of the time response and the scintillation emission spectrum. It is hoped that powders with promising data will prompt the production of single crystals that can be used for good measurements of luminosity and proportionality.

Materials with a dominant decay time greater than 10 microseconds have not been included, since these would be less useful in nuclear radiation detectors.

It should be noted that published luminosity values generally increase over time as improved crystals become available.

It is currently not updated for newer measurements. If you have or know of an article containing scintillator information that has not been included below and would like to suggest a candidate material, please send us a copy of the article (the preferred format is PDF). You are also invited to provide information for the different property columns.

The creation and maintenance of this page is part of a DHS project to discover new inorganic scintillators by the rapid synthesis and characterization of candidate materials in microcrystal (powder) form. For a description of this facility, see Design and implementation of a facility for discovering new scintillator materials (published in IEEE’s Transactions on Nuclear Science).

You can download the complete Inorganic Scintillator Library in csv format below: 

Chemical FormulaMechanismDensity (g/cc)Luminosity (photons/MeV)Luminosity Data CommentsTime (ns)Emission Peak (nm)Energy Resolution (% fwhm @ 662 keV)CommentsReferenceCompound ClassificationCompound Type
AgGd(PO3)4:CeCe3+8,00014 ns (32%) + slow317; 333crystalline powder; 15% CeDerenzo2011PhospateQuaternary
Al2O3Tl+2,300(77K)138 (300K) + slow290 (30%); 420 (70%)0.2% Ti+Mikhailik2005Oxide Binary
Al2O3:Ti3.982,300290(33%); 730(67%)<150KMikhailik2007Oxide Binary
AlO0.86N0.43Ce3+32 (alpha exc.)405transparent ceramicChen2015OxynitrideTernary
Ba2B5O9Cl:EuEu2+11,000640 (71%)420crystalline powder; 2% EuDerenzo2011OxychlorideQuaternary
Ba2Ca(BO3)2:CeCe3+4.75,100244007% Ce on Ba site + 7% NaLin2007BorateQuaternary
Ba2GdCl7:CeCe3+30,00047(6%); 260 (11%); 1650 (20%) + slow355; 377crystalline powder; 10% CeDerenzo2011ChlorideTernary
Ba2MgSi2O7:EuEu2+10,000280 ns (15%); 795 (80%)505crystalline powder; 2% EuDerenzo2011SilicateQuaternary
Ba2P2O7:EuEu2+2,500288 ns (19%); 632 (78%)421crystalline powder; 3% EuDerenzo2011PhospateTernary
Ba2Si3O8:EuEu2+35,000355 ns (10%); 1,400 (90%)505crystalline powder; 0.2% EuDerenzo2011SilicateTernary
Ba2SiO4:EuEu2+40,000242 ns (17%); 668 (81%)505crystalline powder; 0.2% EuDerenzo2011SilicateTernary
Ba2SiO4:EuEu2+22,000242; 668502; 525crystalline powder; 0.2% EuEagleman2012SilicateTernary
Ba2YCl7:CeCe3+15,00018 (80%)390; 414crystalline powder; 2% CeDerenzo2011ChlorideTernary
Ba2ZnSi2O7:EuEu2+16,000665 ns (80%); 1,080 (18%)505crystalline powder; 1% EuDerenzo2011SilicateQuaternary
Ba3(PO4)2:EuEu2+27,000265 ns (23%); 620 (74%)420crystalline powder; 1.5% EuDerenzo2011PhosphateTernary
Ba3B(PO4)3:EuEu2+18,000334 ns (13%); 820 (36%); 9,300 (39%)418crystalline powder; 2% EuDerenzo2011PhosphateQuaternary
Ba3Gd(BO3)3:CeCe3+5.3370313; 4184% CeHan2007BorateQuaternary
Ba3P4O13:EuEu2+25,000288 ns (15%); 806 (83%)440crystalline powder; 2.5% EuDerenzo2011PhosphateTernary
Ba5(PO4)3F:CeCe3+4.76400358crystalline powder, 40% CeZeng2006PhosphateQuaternary
Ba5Si8O21:EuEu2+20,000305 ns (17%); 852 (81%)453; 511crystalline powder; 1% EuDerenzo2011SilicateTernary
BaAl10MgO17:EuEu2+16,000315 ns (8%); 1,460 (74%)459crystalline powderDerenzo2011Oxide Quaternary
BaAl12O19:EuEu2+5,0001,110 ns (36%); 15,000 (64%)433; 460crystalline powder; 0.5% EuDerenzo2011Oxide Ternary
BaBr1.7I0.3Eu2+112,000329(23%); 640(40%)4145% Eu2+Gundiah2011Bromide/ IodideTernary
BaBr2SA4.7219,300(10 us)2,200 + slow425; 4755.4Selling2007aBromideBinary
BaBr2:CeCe3+4.725,000
10,300
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
80 (27%); 490 (22%); 2,100 (51%)345; 3709.81% Ce; 1% KSelling2007bBromideBinary
BaBr2:CeCe3+13,600(10 us)1,700100.1% Ce; Trise = 150 nsSelling2008BromideBinary
BaBr2:EuEu2+4.7215,700(10 us)58540411Selling2007aBromideBinary
BaBr2:EuEu2+4.8558,000267(21%); 655(55%)4145% Eu2+Gundiah2011BromideBinary
BaBr2:EuEu2+15,700(10 us)585110.1% EuSelling2008BromideBinary
BaBr2:EuEu2+4.7849,00035 (8%); 415 (47%); 814 (44%)4086.95% EuYan2014BromideBinary
BaBrCl:EuEu2+4.559,500285(14%); 546(56%)4055% EuGundiah2013Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaBrCl:EuEu2+4.530,8004.255% EuYan2016Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaBrI:EuEu2+5.281,000297(23%); 482(77%)4134.8Bourret2010Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaBrI:EuEu2+5.297,00070 (1.5%); 432 (70%); 9,500 (28.5%)3.01 eV (42%); 2.91 eV (58%)3.48% Eu2+Bizarri2011Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaBrI:EuEu2+5.2189,000313(59%); 741(15%)4135% Eu2+Gundiah2011Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaBrI:EuEu2+5.371,0004804134.35% EuShirwadkar2013Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaCl2SA3.891,700(10 us)980 + slow420; 47517.4Selling2007aChlorideBinary
BaCl2SA3.866,0001.6 (72%); 34.8 (28%)300-400Koshimizu2009ChlorideBinary
BaCl2:CeCe3+3.892,000
5,200
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
7 (6%); 190 (11%); 1,500 (83%)349; 37316.21% Ce; 1% KSelling2007bChlorideBinary
BaCl2:CeCe3+3.893,100(10 us)14 (10%); 90 (40%); 1,400 (50%)140.1% CeSelling2008ChlorideBinary
BaCl2:EuEu2+3.8919,4003904028.8Selling2007aChlorideBinary
BaCl2:EuEu2+3.8919,4003908.80.1% EuSelling2008ChlorideBinary
BaCl2:EuEu2+3.8952,00025 (15%); 138 (21%); 642 (61%)4063.55% EuYan2013ChlorideBinary
BaCl2:EuEu2+3.8652,00025 (15%); 138 (21%); 642 (61%)4063.55% EuYan2014ChlorideBinary
BaClBr:EuEu2+4.552,0003.555% EuBourret2012Bromide/ ChlorideTernary
BaClI:EuEu2+4.654,00095% EuBourret2012Chloride/ IodideTernary
BaF2SX4.8810,000620310assumes 1 photoelectron per 5 photonsLaval1983FluorideBinary
BaF2CV4.882,0000.6220assumes 1 photoelectron per 5 photonsLaval1983FluorideBinary
BaF2SX4.889,950assumes 1 photoelectron per 5 photonsHoll1988FluorideBinary
BaF2CV4.881,300<1 ns2204.4% Ce; Luminosity 3% of NaI(Tl) with Bialkali PMTMelcher1989FluorideBinary
BaF2SX4.883,900340; 920310Luminosity 9% of NaI(Tl) with Bialkali PMTMelcher1989FluorideBinary
BaF2CV4.881,4000.8195; 2204.4% Ce; Luminosity 3% of NaI(Tl) with Bialkali PMTvanEijk1993FluorideBinary
BaF2CV4.880.12 (15%); 0.78 (85%)Derenzo2000FluorideBinary
BaF2SX4.8811,00011.4Sakai1987FluorideBinary
BaF2:CeCe3+4.8813,00047; 2603200.2% Ce; luminosity 114% of undopedVisser1991FluorideBinary
BaF2:CeCe3+4.882,20050360Luminosity 5% of NaI(Tl) with Bialkali PMTMelcher1989FluorideBinary
BaF2:CeCe3+4.884 (12%); 28 (78%)342-35835% CeGektin2009FluorideBinary
BaFI:EuEu2+555,000163 (7%); 573 (81%); 905 (6%)4058.55% EuGundiah2010Fluoride/ IodideTernary
BaGdCl5:CeCe3+35,00027 (11%); 87 (9%); 315 (17%); 1550 (19%)363; 389crystalline powder; 5% CeDerenzo2011ChlorideTernary
BaHfO3:CeCe3+8.340,00025 + slow400transparent ceramicVanLoef2007HafnateTernary
BaI2SA5.152,600
4,600
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
590 (71%); 2,200 (29%)550Selling2007bIodideBinary
BaI2:CeSA5.152,600(10 us)610 + slow5300.1% Ce but only slow SA emission detectedSelling2007aIodideBinary
BaI2:CeCe3+5.15not detected0.1% CeSelling2007aIodideBinary
BaI2:CeCe3+4,600(10 us)590 (71%); 2,200 (29%)0.1% CeSelling2008IodideBinary
BaI2:EuEu2+5.153,800(10 us)510 + slow425Selling2007aIodideBinary
BaI2:EuEu2+5.130,000< 1,000420Cherepy2008IodideBinary
BaI2:EuEu2+5.140,0008Cherepy2009IodideBinary
BaI2:EuEu2+5.1322,000317(36%); 646(42%)4265% Eu2+Gundiah2011IodideBinary
BaI2:EuEu2+3,800(10 us)510 (32%) + slow0.1% EuSelling2008IodideBinary
BaI2:EuEu2+5.1538,000513 (95%)4265.65% EuYan2014IodideBinary
BaKPO4:EuEu2+35,000275 ns (31%); 645 (55%)425crystalline powder; 2% EuDerenzo2011PhosphateQuaternary
BaLu2F8CV6.944001+slow313VantSpijker1999aFluorideTernary
BaLu2F8:CeCe3+6.9487035 + slow330VantSpijker1999aFluorideTernary
BaMgF4CV4.51,000190; 220vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
BaP2O6:EuEu2+1,900169 ns (38%); 795 (52%)380;470crystalline powder; 1% EuDerenzo2011PhosphateTernary
BaSi2O5:EuEu2+30,0002,800 ns (98%)520crystalline powder; 2% EuDerenzo2011SilicateTernary
BaSiO3:EuEu2+8,000170 ns (21%); 480 (30%); 1,300 (45%)510crystalline powder; 0.1% EuDerenzo2011SilicateTernary
BaY2F8:CeCe3+4.9798046 + slow3299.9% Ce concentrationVantSpijker1999aFluorideTernary
BeOSX2.866,5001825015% of NaI(Tl)Ogorodnikov1996Germanate Binary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.138,200Holl1988Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.13300480Weber1973Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.138,080Mares2004Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.138,500Moszynski1997aGermanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.13300485Grabmaier1984Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.137,610deHaas2005Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.1310,6009.05Sakai1987Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.1100 (12%)
300 (79%)
1000 (4%)
460crystalline powderPorter2008Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.137,200510Haas2008Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.137,100luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.138,000Salacka2010Germanate Ternary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)Bi3+7.1320,0007.2** -150C, 10 us peaking timeDerenzo1984Germanate Ternary
Bi4Si3O12 (BSO)Bi3+6.82,0001004803010,000 ph/Mev and 2,000 ns at 185KKobayashi1983SilicateTernary
Bi4Si3O12 (BSO)Bi3+6.8105 ave
3.7 (7.5%);
28.8 (9.6%);
116.8 (87.5%)
47024Harada2001SilicateTernary
Bi4Si3O12:Ce (BSO)Bi3+6.81,20086 ave
2.8 (7.4%);
27.1 (9.2%);
99.8 (83.4%)
470290.1% Ce; *luminosity 60% of undopedHarada2001SilicateTernary
BiBaO2BrBi3+6.712,200100 (21%)
300 (54%)
700 (12%)
500crystalline powder; luminosity 0.27 x BGOPorter2008Bromide/ OxideQuaternary
BiBaO2ClBi3+6.366,600100 (2%)
300 (41%)
600 (23%)
491crystalline powder; luminosity 0.81x BGOPorter2008Chloride/ OxideQuaternary
BiSrO2ClBi3+6.12,00050 (28%)
200 (35%)
300 (14%)
431crystalline powder; luminosity 0.24 x BGOPorter2008Chloride/ OxideQuaternary
(C6Hs(CH2)2NH3)2PbBr4SX2.510,0009.4 + 200437vanEijk2008HalideQuinary
Ca3Ga3Si2TaO14 (CTGS)SA1,20080(56%); 630(44%)34026Kurosawa2014SilicateQuinary
Ca4YO(BO3)3:CeCe3+110390; 420crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
Ca5(PO4)3F:CeCe3+3.23,200354, 412crystalline powder, 2.5% CeZeng2006PhosphateQuaternary
CaBPO5:CeCe3+3.21,31019.50.5% CePierron2003BorophosphateQuaternary
CaBr2:EuEu2+3.3536,0002,5004489.15% EuGrippa2013aBromideBinary
CaF2:CeCe3+3.184 (3%); 14 (5%); 30 (92%)318; 33235% CeGektin2009FluorideBinary
CaF2:EuEu2+3.1824,000Holl1988FluorideBinary
CaHfO3:CeCe3+10,00033 ns (47%) + slow439crystalline powder; 1% CeDerenzo2011HafnateTernary
CaI2SA3.9686,000550410Hofstadter1964aIodideBinary
CaI2:EuEu2+3.9686,000790470Hofstadter1964aIodideBinary
CaI2:EuEu2+3.96110,0008Cherepy2009IodideBinary
CaI2:TlTl+3.9642,0001,100420Hofstadter1964aIodideBinary
CaLaB7O13:CeCe3+220291; 309; 330; 360crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
CaLaB7O13:EuEu2+not significantcrystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
CaWO4CX6.115,000
25,000
8,000425Luminosity 90% of CdWO4Zdesenko2005TungstateTernary
CaWO4CX6.11,400 (30%); 9,200 (70%)Mikhailik2007TungstateTernary
CaWO4CX6.115,8006.6Moszynski2005bTungstateTernary
CaWO4CX6.114,4006.377KMoszynski2005bTungstateTernary
CaYBO4:EuEu2+not significantcrystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
CdF2SX6.41707.1520;580Jones1962FluorideBinary
CdF2SA6.611004.8 (29%); 24 (28%); 78 (43%)420crystalline powderDerenzo1990FluorideBinary
CdS:InIn3+4.8<1519fast phosphorLehmann1966SulfideBinary
CdS:InIn3+4.80.2520fast n-type phosphorDerenzo2005Sulfide Binary
CdS:In,TeIn3+, Te2- BT4.83.3630fast n-type phosphorDerenzo2005Sulfide Binary
CdS:TeTe2- BX4.817,000270+slow640; 580Schotanus1992SulfideBinary
CdWO4SA7.927,00012,000495Moszynski2005aTungstateTernary
CdWO4CX7.915,300Holl1988TungstateTernary
CdWO4CX7.97,8005,000; 20,000480Luminosity 18% of NaI(Tl) with Bialkali PMTMelcher1989TungstateTernary
CdWO4CX7.98,900480Grabmaier1984TungstateTernary
CdWO4CX7.912,2008Sakai1987TungstateTernary
CdWO4CX7.915,80013,0008.3300KKlamra2012TungstateTernary
CdWO4CX7.914,3408.877KKlamra2012TungstateTernary
CeBr3Ce3+5.268,00017371Shah2005BromideBinary
CeBr3Ce3+58,00021360; 3803.21.9% Ca+Guss2014BromideBinary
CeBr3 + 1-propanolCe3+3218365Boatner2013BromideQuinary
CeBr3 + isobutanolCe3+1920360Boatner2013BromideQuinary
CeBr3 + tert-butanolCe3+309536012.6Boatner2013BromideQuinary
CeCl3Ce3+3.946,00025 + slow3503.4vanLoef2001bChlorideBinary
CeCl3(CH3OH)4Ce3+16,60064.4 (93%); 1,660 (7%)36411.4Boatner2008ChlorideQuinary
CeF3Ce3+6.162,400Wojtowicz1994FluorideBinary
CeF3Ce3+6.164,4003; 26.5Moses1990FluorideBinary
CeF3Ce3+6.164,0002; 31310; 340Anderson1989FluorideBinary
CeF3Ce3+6.164,0002734020Moses1989FluorideBinary
CeF3:LuLu3+6.168,000290Villora2005FluorideBinary
CeP5O14Ce3+4,000Wojtowicz1994PhosphateTernary
Cs2BaBr4:EuEu2+4.425,000(est.)5% Eu2+Bourret2012BromideTernary
Cs2BaCl4:EuEu2+3.7530,000(est.)5% Eu2+Bourret2012ChlorideTernary
Cs2BaI4:EuEu2+4.517,000(est.)7% Eu2+Bourret2012IodideTernary
Cs2HfCl6CX3.8654,0004,370 (95%); 300 (5%)4003.3Burger2015ChlorideTernary
Cs2HfCl6SA27,5002,200; 8,400375; 435Saeki2016ChlorideTernary
Cs2HfCl6SA3.780.92 of NaI:Tl300 (5%); 4400 (95% )4003.3Burger2015ChlorideTernary
Cs2LiCeBr6Ce3+4.1828,000(10 us)86(76%); 444 (8%); 3,800(16%)400; 4187.4Cheon2011Bromide Quaternary
Cs2LiCeCl6Ce3+3.422,000101(42%); 557(35%); 2,900(23%)385, 4055.5Rooh2010aChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiGdBr6:CeCe3+4.4125,00073 (63%); 542 (14%); 3,900 (23%)392; 4208.61% CeRooh2014aBromide Quaternary
Cs2LiGdBr6:CeCe3+4.4130,50039 (43%); 587 (31%); 1,100 (26%)392; 44310% CeRooh2014aBromide Quaternary
Cs2LiGdCl6:CeCe3+3.720,000129 ns (51%); 573 ns (32%); 8.9 ms (17%)360; 460510% CeRooh2010cChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce (CLLB)Ce3+4.260,00041033.0 MeV gamma equivalentneutronGlodo2011BromideQuaternary
Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce (CLLB)Ce3+4.250,00055; >270390; 4202.910% Ce3+Shirwadkar2011BromideQuaternary
Cs2LiLaCl6:Ce (CLLC)Ce3+35,0004003.43.1 MeV gamma equivalentneutronGlodo2011ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiLuCl6:CeCe3+3.97,00029.4370; 4100.5% CeBessiere2006ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiLuI6:CeCe3+11,00047 (30%); 220(32%); 1,400 (38%)435; 478100.5% Ce3+; 35,500 photons/neutronBirowosuto2008bIodideQuaternary
Cs2LiYBr6:CeCe3+4.1524,00085 (39%); 2,50071% Ce; 88,000 photons/neutronBessiere2004BromideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6SA3.316,535
22,420
(1 us)
(10 us)
6,600305Combes1999ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6CV3.316602250Bessiere2005aChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6SA3.317,000
22,000
(1 us)
(10 us)
7,000Bessiere2005aChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6CV3.311,7004Bessiere2004ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)Ce3+3.319,565
18,400
(1 us)
(10 us)
600; 6,000372; 400Combes1999ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)Ce3+3.3121,00035 + slow49060.5% CevanLoef2005bChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)Ce3+3.3110,200
21,600
(1 us)
(10 us)
2,8003700.1% CeBessiere2005aChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)Ce3+3.3121,60080.1% Ce; 70,000 photons/neutronBessiere2004ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)Ce3+3.35.1>1% Ce; neutron peak resolution 2.9% Glodo2008aChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce (CLYC)Ce3+20,0003904.53.5 MeV gamma equivalentneutronGlodo2011ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:PrPr3+3.3110,000315150.2% PrvanLoef2005bChlorideQuaternary
Cs2NaCeBr6Ce3+425,000140 us (94%); 880 us (6%)380-4666.7Kim2009aBromideQuaternary
Cs2NaCeBr6Ce3+4.2525,000140(94%); 800(6%)377, 4006.7Kim2010BromideQuaternary
Cs2NaCeCl6Ce3+Rooh2009ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2NaGdBr6:CeCe3+4.1836,80072 (67%); 266 (22%); 698 (11%)393; 4225.110% CeRooh2012BromideQuaternary
Cs2NaGdBr6:CeCe3+4.1948,00065 (48%); 193 (24%); 864 (8%); >6,000 (20%)389; 4183.34% Ce3+Samulon2014BromideQuaternary
Cs2NaGdCl6:CeCe3+3.521,00069 ns (34%); 503 ns (37%); 3,200 (29%)378; 400 nm4.80%10% Ce3+Rooh2014ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2NaGdCl6:CeCe3+3.5227,000110 (15%); 353 (18%); 1,572 (24%);>6,000 (44%)375; 40342% Ce3+Samulon2014ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2NaLaBr6:CeCe3+9,000
17,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
61 (32%)
450 (11%)
1,900 (57%)
382; 41411.30.5% CeBirowosuto2006dBromideQuaternary
Cs2NaLaBr6:CeCe3+3.9346,00048(18%); 205(21%); 854(23%); 4021(36%)385; 4133.94% Ce; 11 ns rise timeGundiah2014BromideQuaternary
Cs2NaLaCl6:CeCe3+3.2626,40066(18%); 340(18%); 1620(45%)373; 4054.44% Ce; 16 ns rise timeGundiah2014ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2NaLuBr6:CeCe3+5,200
5,800
61 (65%)
350 (35%)
389; 42210.50.5% CeBirowosuto2006dBromideQuaternary
Cs2NaLuCl6:CeCe3+1(1%); 55 (44%); 380(55%)Birowosuto2009ChlorideQuaternary
Cs2NaLuI6:CeCe3+30(100%)Birowosuto2009IodideQuaternary
Cs2NaYBr6:CeCe3+5,000
9,500
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
61 (26%)
350 (23%)
2,700 (51%)
385; 4206.30.3% CeBirowosuto2006dBromideQuaternary
Cs2ZnCl4CV3.356301.8 (95%); 10255; 280; 390Yahaba2014ChlorideTernary
Cs2ZrCl6SA25,1001,500; 7,500440; 479Saeki2016ChlorideTernary
Cs3CeCl6Ce3+3.419,00050 (50%); 300 (50%)4008.4Zhuravleva2011ChlorideTernary
Cs3Gd2I9:CeCe3+4.732,200
2,600
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
1% CeBirowosuto2007bIodideTernary
Cs3GdBr6:CeCe3+4.1447,00072 (26%); 270 (25%); 1,421 (26%); >6,000 (23%)396; 42544-8% Ce3+Samulon2014BromideTernary
Cs3GdCl6:CeCe3+3.5624,50039 (7%); 129 (12%); 462 (15%); 2,110 (36%); >6,000 (30%)382; 4074.58% Ce3+Samulon2014ChlordieTernary
Cs3LaBr6SA4.551,600
2,100
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
250 (92%)
2,100 (8%)
39413.6Birowosuto2007bBromideTernary
Cs3LaBr6:CeCe3+4.555,800
10,400
46 (18%)
270 (42%)
2,100 (40%)
390; 425300.5% CeBirowosuto2007bBromideTernary
Cs3LaBr6:CeCe3+3.9935,00071 (72%); 437 (28%)410810% CeWei2014BromideTernary
Cs3LaBr6:CeCe3+3.8232,50044(17%); 1214(18%); 399(20%); 2230(31%)393; 4254.915% Ce; <0.1 ns rise timeGundiah2014BromideTernary
Cs3LaCl6:CeCe3+3.2720,00056 (75%); 380 (25%)400920% CeWei2014ChlorideTernary
Cs3LaCl6:CeCe3+3.3616,00079(32%); 291(33%); 1243(28%)383; 4158.68% Ce; 13 ns rise timeGundiah2014ChlorideTernary
Cs3Lu2I9SA4.824,000
6,600
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
770390; 60819.2Birowosuto2007bIodideTernary
Cs3Lu2I9:CeCe3+4.8213,600
22,800
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
18 (2%); 42 (6%)
120 (40%); 510 (52%)
92% CeBirowosuto2007bIodideTernary
Cs3LuI6SA4.781,200
1,400
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
390; 608Birowosuto2007bIodideTernary
Cs3LuI6:CeCe3+4.781,400
1,500
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
429; 4710.5% CeBirowosuto2007bIodideTernary
CsBa2Br5:EuEu2+4.550,000(est.)2% EuBourret2012BromideTernary
CsBa2Br5:EuEu2+4.4892,000378 (6%); 1260 (67%)4352% Eu2+Borade2011Bromide Ternary
CsBa2I5:EuEu2+597,00048 (1%); 383 (26%); 1,500 (68%); 9,900 (25%)4353.87% EuBourret2009aIodideTernary
CsBa2I5:EuEu2+4.9102,000384 (10%); 1,200 (58%); 14,000 (32%)2.85 eV (45%);
2.7 eV (19%); 2.66 eV (36%)
2.554% EuBizarri2011IodideTernary
CsBa2I5:EuEu2+580,0009004303.93% EuShirwadkar2013IodideTernary
CsBa2I5:EuEu2+4.980,0003504342.30%5% EuAlekhin2014IodideTernary
CsBa2I5:InIn3+4.535,00032(2%); 162(8%); 1980(43%)5407.10.2% InGascon2014IodideTernary
CsBa2I5:NaNa+4.533,50039(7%); 183(36%); 995(37%)4307.91.0% NaGascon2014IodideTernary
CsBa2I5:TlTl+4.540,00028(1%); 414(42%); 1241(24%)5007.10.08% TlGascon2014IodideTernary
CsBa2I5:YbYb2+4.954,0008704145.71% Yb2+Rowe2013IodideTernary
CsBrCV4.4200.07250vanEijk1993BromideBinary
CsCaBr3:EuEu2+28,000145(0.43%); 6,097(89.8%); 28,000(9.8%)4479.38% EuGrippa2013bBromideTernary
CsCaCl3CV2.91,400< 1250; 305vanEijk1993ChlorideTernary
CsCaCl3:EuEu2+318,0005,0504508.9Zhuravleva2012ChlorideTernary
CsCaI3:EuEu2+4.0638,5001,7204508Zhuravleva2012IodideTernary
CsCaI3:EuEu2+30,000
22,000
size dependent 2100-3900 (size dependent)4554.5 – 13 (size dependent)3%Eu in meltLindsey2015aIodideTernary
CsCe2Br7:CeCe3+435,56278 (52.0%); 316 (31.6%); 1723(16.4%)390; 420; 4757Wu2015BromideTernary
CsCe2Cl7Ce3+3.626,00050 (52%); 210 (47%)3857.5Zhuravleva2011ChlorideTernary
CsCe2Cl7:CeCe3+3.619,47066 (87.3%); 351 (12.7%)12Wu2015ChlorideTernary
CsClCV49000.9240; 270vanEijk1993ChlorideBinary
CsFCV4.641,9002-4390Moszynski1983FuorideBinary
CsFCV4.12,0002.9390vanEijk1993FluorideBinary
CsGd(PO3)4:CeCe3+4.0724,400336, 358crystalline powder; 1% CeZhong2009PhospateQuaternary
CsGd2F7:CeCe3+5.57,30020 + 3,00032520% CeSchaart1995FluorideTernary
CsGd2F7:CeCe3+5.56,000~30 (18%) + 3,00034013.510% CeDorenbos1993FluorideTernary
CsGd2F7:PrPr3+5.5d-f not observed2% PrDorenbos1993FluorideTernary
CsISX4.5116.7Sakai1987IodideBinary
CsI:CO3SA4.5139,0001,760410; 5008.350.1% CO3Ha2009IodideBinary
CsI:EuEu2+4.5119,100Holl1988IodideBinary
CsI:InIn+4.5127,000(12 us)1,9005459.5Gridin2013IodideBinary
CsI:NaNa+4.5138,000Holl1988IodideBinary
CsI:NaNa+4.5149,000deHaas2005IodideBinary
CsI:NaNa+4.5143,0007.4Sakai1987IodideBinary
CsI:NaNa+4.5149,000425Haas2008IodideBinary
CsI:NaNa+4.5146,000luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008IodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.5155,000Holl1988IodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.5161,000Moszynski1997aIodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.51980530Grabmaier1984IodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.5156,000deHaas2005IodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.5156,0005.7Sakai1987IodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.5157,000560Haas2008IodideBinary
CsI:TlTl+4.5156,000luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008IodideBinary
CsLuP2O7:CeCe3+4.498,0004.4 (14.1%); 19.8(85.9%)393crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhosphateQuaternary
CsSrBr3:EuEu2+3.840,000(est.)3% Eu2+Bourret2012BromideTernary
CsSrBr3:EuEu2+31,3002,50044295% EuCherginets2014BromideTernary
CsSrCl3:CeCe3+86003.8 (23%); 57 (23%); 626 (54%)360-3857.20.5% CeFujimoto2017aChlorideTernary
CsSrCl3:EuEu2+33,4002,70044811.55% EuCherginets2014ChlorideTernary
CsSrI3:EuEu2+65,0005.98% Eu2+Yang2011IodideTernary
CsY2F7:CeCe3+1,400323335% CeSchaart1995FluorideTernary
CsYP2O7:CeCe3+3.578,0005.2 (16.9%); 22.2(83.1%)393crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhosphateQuaternary
Ga2O3SA15,0008; 977380Yanagida2016OxideBinary
(Gd-Y)3Al5O12:Ce (GYAG)Ce3+611,00090 + >1,0005508ceramic; 0.5% CeYanagida2007OxideQuaternary
Gd2Si2O7:Ce (GPS)Ce3+5.530,000
40,000
46372; 3946luminosity 2.5 x GSO, 5 x BGOKawamura2007SilicateTernary
Gd2SiO5:Ce (GSO)Ce3+6.7112,50056; 6004307Melcher1996SilicateTernary
Gd2SiO5:Ce (GSO)Ce3+6.712,8007.8Sakai1987SilicateTernary
Gd2SiO5:Ce (GSO)Ce3+6.717,4009.2Balcerzyk2000bSilicateTernary
Gd3Al2Ga3O12:CeCe3+42,21752.8(73%); 282(27%survey of 23 members of (Lu,Gd)3 (Ga,Al)5 O12:Ce familyKamada2011OxideQuaternary
Gd3Al3Ga2O12:CeCe3+45,931221 (100%)survey of 23 members of (Lu,Gd)3 (Ga,Al)5 O12:Ce familyKamada2011OxideQuaternary
Gd3Sc2Al3O12:Ce (GSAG)Ce3+7,50010.8ceramic, 3% CeCherepy2009OxideQuaternary
Gd3Y3Al10O24:Ce (GYAG)Ce3+16,50011.2ceramic, 3% CeCherepy2009OxideQuaternary
GdAlO3:CeCe3+7.59,00030; 180335; 3580.75% CeDorenbos1995bOxideTernary
GdB3O6:CeGd3+200311crystalline powder; Ce3+ to Gd3+ transferKnitel2000BorateTernary
GdBO3:CeCe3+6.310,000385; 415crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateTernary
GdBr3Ce3+4.5528,000
44,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
20 (26%)
212 (65%)
13,500 (9%)
4602% CevanLoef2001aBromideBinary
GdCl3:CeCe3+4.5438,000350; 3701% CeGrippa2010ChlorideBinary
GdI3:CeCe3+5.289,000335632% CeGlodo2008IodideBinary
GdI3:CeCe3+5.244,00045 (70%); 250 (24%); 2,000 (6%)5604.71% Ce; 42,000 ph/MeV at 600 KBirowosuto2008aIodideBinary
GdNb0.2Ta0.8O4SA8.372,60012(100%)450luminosity 13 x PbWO4Voloshyna2014Tantalo- niabateQuaternary
GdOBr:CeCe3+89% of ZnS:Ag60405, 440phosphor, 1% CeBuchanan1981OxybromideTernary
GdOBr:CeCe3+6.8234,00030 (100%); 10 risetime405; 445* 0.49 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powderEagleman2011OxybromideTernary
GdOCl:CeCe3+75% of ZnS:Ag36365, 410phosphor, 1% CeBuchanan1981OxychlorideTernary
GdOCl:CeCe3+6.6617,00025 (63%); 76 (27%); 6 risetime400* 0.25 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 0.5% CeEagleman2011OxychlorideTernary
GdOF:CeCe3+7.69not observedcrystalline powderEagleman2011OxyfluorideTernary
GdOI:CeCe3+6.857,00023 (67%)440; 470* 0.10 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 2% CeEagleman2011OxyiodideTernary
HfF4SA7.130029350crystalline powderDerenzo1990FluorideBinary
HfO2SA9.6831,0009.5480crystalline powder; 2.5% Eu, 1% YLeLuyer2008OxideBinary
K2BaI4:EuEu2+63,000720 (67%); 3,100 (33%)4482.97% Eu2+Stand2016IodideTernary
K2CeBr5Ce3+2.950,0006.310% CeHawrami2008BromideTernary
K2CeCl5Ce3+2.930,0003705.8Roy2007ChlorideTernary
K2LaBr5:CeCe3+3.940,000 (10 us)50359; 39110% CevanLoef2005BromideTernary
K2LaCl5SX2.899003,70040010% CeVantSpijker1999bChlorideTernary
K2LaCl5:CeCe3+2.8949,300
22,600
(0.5 us)80 + slow347; 37210% CeVantSpijker1999bChlorideTernary
K2LaCl5:CeCe3+2.923,000
30,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
344; 37210% CevanLoef2005ChlorideTernary
K2LaI5:CeCe3+4.453,000
55,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
24401; 43910% CevanLoef2005IodideTernary
K2LaI5:CeCe3+4.429,000340; 3805.110% Ce; 50% in 115 nsvantSpijker1995IodideTernary
K2LiYBr6:CeCe3+10,40030 (1%); 250 (30%); 1,900 (69%)385; 420221% Ce3+: 37,000 photons/neutronBirowosuto2008bBromideTernary
K2YF5CV3.63001.3170vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
K2YF5:PrPr3+3.16.920 (5%); + slow2402% PrDorenbos1993FluorideTernary
K3Lu(PO4)2:CeCe3+3.926,50034 (81%); 1200 (19%)390171% CeWisniewski2004PhosphateQuaternary
KBa2I5:EuEu2+4.5290,000910 (81%); 4,900 (19%)4442.44% Eu2+Stand2016IodideTernary
KCaF3CV31,400< 2140-190vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
KCaI3:EuEu2+3.8172,000106046533% Eu2+Lindsey2015IodideTernary
KGd(PO3)4:CeCe3+3.5214,100325, 345crystalline powder; 1% CeZhong2009PhospateQuaternary
KI:TlTl+3.19,700Holl1988IodideBinary
KLu2F7CV7,5270< 2165vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
KLuF4CV5.21701.3170-200vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
KLuP2O7:CeCe3+3.8716,0006.3 (14.9%); 27.2(85.1%)394crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhosphateQuaternary
KMgF3CV3.21,4001.3140-190vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
KSr2Br5:EuEu2+3.9875,00010764273.55% Eu2+Stand2015aBromideTernary
KSr2I5:EuEu2+4.3994,0009904452.44% Eu2+Stand2015bIodideTernary
KSr2I5:EuEu2+4.3994,000990 (89%); 5,000 (11%)4522.4Stand2013IodideTernary
KSr2I5:EuEu2+4.3995,3008904452.84% Eu2+Stand2016IodideTernary
KYF4CV3.61,0001.9170vanEijk1993FluroideTernary
KYP2O7:CeCe3+3.1110,0006.7 (22.6%); 23.2(77.4%)380crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhospateQuaternary
La2Hf2O7:TiTi4+7.913,00010,000475transparent ceramic; 2% Ti4+Ji2005OxideTernary
La2O2S:CeCe3+5.82Not detectedYen1996OxysulfideTernary
La2O3:CeCe3+6.6Not detectedYen1996OxideBinary
La2O3:CeCe3+6.6Not detectedvanderKolk2007OxideBinary
LaAlO3:CeCe3+6.5Not detectedvanderKolk2007OxideTernary
LaB3O6:CeCe3+4.27,700300; 320crystalline powder; 0.05% CeKnitel2000BorateTernary
LaBO3:BiBi3+5.2800365Blasse1968BorateTernary
LaBO3:CeCe3+5.2600355; 380crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateTernary
LaBr(3-x)I(x):CeCe3+5.4742,000
45,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
31(70%); 244(30%)400; 4344.1all entries for x = 0.75 and 5% CeBirowosuto2008Bromide/ IodideTernary
LaBr(3-x)I(x):CeCe3+5.5155,000
58,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
28472; 50014.6all entries for x = 1.5 and 5% CeBirowosuto2008Bromide/ IodideTernary
LaBr(3-x)I(x):CeCe3+5.622,000(0.5 us)
(10 us)
12460; 51035.9all entries for x = 2.25 and 5% CeBirowosuto2008Bromide/ IodideTernary
LaBr2:PrPr3+5.174,50011,0003.21% Pr3Glodo2006BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.161,00030356; 3872.90.5% CevanLoef2002BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.173,0002.7-3.2sizes 5-76 mm; 5% CeMenge2007BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.174,00037510% CeHaas2008BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.175,0005% Ce; luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.168,600Salacka2010BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.178,000~17 + slower2Sr2+ and Ca2+ co-dopingAlekhin2013BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.1rise time 9 ns ; decay time 26 ns0.5% Ce3+Glodo2005aBromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.1rise time 0.2 ns ; decay time 17 ns20% Ce3+Glodo2005aBromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.164,000165% CeBizarri2007BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.156,000300.2% CeBizarri2007BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.126 (9 ns rise time)0.5% CeGlodo2004BromideBinary
LaBr3:CeCe3+5.117 (<0.5 ns rise time)5% CeGlodo2004BromideBinary
LaCeF6Ce3+4,500Wojtowicz1994FluorideTernary
LaCl3SX3.834,0003,480400vanLoef2001bChlorideBinary
LaCl3:CeCe3+3.849,00025 + slow330; 3523.110% CevanLoef2001bChlorideBinary
LaCl3:CeCe3+3.848,0003505% CeHaas2008ChlorideBinary
LaCl3:CeCe3+3.850,00010% Ce; luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008ChlorideBinary
LaCl3:CeCe3+3.840,900Salacka2010ChlorideBinary
LaF3:CeCe3+5.92,2003; 26.5290; 34010% CeMoses1990FluorideBinary
LaF3:NdNd3+5.942,0006.31730.03% NdSchotanus1988FluorideBinary
LaF3:NdNd3+5.9427017310.6% NdDorenbos1996IodideBinary
LaI3:CeCe3+5.6200
300
1-2452; 502luminosity 16,000 photons/MeV at 100KBessiere2005bIodideBinary
LaMgB5O10:CeCe3+1,300310; 317crystalline powder; 0.05% CeKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
LaNb5O14SA7503,000 (73%)445crystalline powderDerenzo2011NiobateTernary
LaNbO4SA11,0002,900 (71%)436crystalline powderDerenzo2011NiobateTernary
LaOBr:CeCe3+38% of ZnS:Ag38460phosphor, 1% CeBuchanan1981OxybromideTernary
LaOBr:CeCe3+6.173,0001 (11%); 4 (26%); 13 (35%)425* 0.04 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powderEagleman2011OxybromideTernary
LaOCl:BiBi3+1,600345Blasse1968OxychlorideTernary
LaOCl:CeCe3+4.3% of ZnS:Ag100435phosphor, 1% CeBuchanan1981OxychlorideTernary
LaOCl:CeCe3+5.4570017 (15%); 106 (16%); 836 (15%)420* <0.01 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 2% CeEagleman2011OxychlorideTernary
LaOF:CeCe3+6.03not observedcrystalline powderEagleman2011OxyfluorideTernary
LaOI:CeCe3+5.917,50024 (86%)470* 0.11 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powderEagleman2011OxyiodideTernary
LaSCl:CeCe3+6505.5 ns (11%); 25 (51%); 102 (28%)460crystalline powder; 10% CeDerenzo2011ChlorideTernary
LaScO3:CeCe3+9002.2 ns (63%); 7.3 (19%)444crystalline powder; 1% CeDerenzo2011OxideTernary
Li12LuGd(BO3)6Ce3+60(28%); 313(14%); 30,000 (58%)40019%Fawad2014BorateQuinary
Li2CaSiO4:CeCe3+2.97,800270.5% CePierron2003SilicateQuaternary
Li2NaYBr6:CeCe3+12,40030 (3%); 560 (11%); 2,600 (86%)383; 413101% Ce3+: 37,000 photons/neutronBirowosuto2008BromideQuaternary
Li3TaO4SA30,0006,100 (67%)398crystalline powderDerenzo2011BromideTernary
Li3YCl6:CeCe3+2.453305
6185
(1 us)
(10 us)
250; 2,300360; 385Combes1999ChlorideTernary
Li6Gd(BO3)3:CeCe3+14,000385; 415crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
Li6Y(BO3)3:CeCe3+1,200388; 419crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
LiBaF3CV5.21,4000.8190; 230vanEijk1993FluorideTernary
LiBaF3SX5.241,6006,000300Knitel1996FluorideTernary
LiBaF3CV5.241,2000.8187; 225Knitel1996FluorideTernary
LiCa2I5Eu2+90,0001416 (gamma exc.); 156 1370 (neutron)4725.6Soundara-Pandian2016IodideTernary
LiCaAlF6:CeCe3+3502806 ns rise timeGetkin2003FluorideTernary
LiCaPO4:CeCe3+2.95,90025.50.5% CePierron2003PhophateQuaternary
LiGd(PO3)4:CeCe3+3.542,600310, 329crystalline powder; 1% CeZhong2009PhospateQuaternary
LiGdCl43.736,000310; 340; 360crystalline powderPorter2009Chloride Ternary
LiGdCl4:CeCe3+3.764,60033345; 365crystalline powder; 20 % CePorter2009ChlorideTernary
LiI:EuEu2+4.0815,0004757.5Syntfeld2005IodideBinary
LiI:EuEu2+4.081,200Murray1958IodideBinary
LiInSe24,40031(49%); 143(51%)yellow crystal formWiggins2015SelenideTernary
LiInSe2not observedred crystal formWiggins2015SelenideTernary
LiSr2Br5Eu2+32,0001418 (gamma exc.); 1261 (neutron)407; 4766.1Soundara-Pandian2016BromideTernary
LiSr2I5Eu2+60,0001330 (gamma exc.); 1262 (neutron)493; 417 (size dependent)3.53% EuSoundara-Pandian2016IodideTernary
LiYSiO4:BiBi3+350Blasse1968SilicateQuaternary
(Lu,Y)2SiO5:Ce (LYSO)Ce3+7.127,000425Haas2008SilicateQuaternary
Lu(2-2x)Gd(2x)SiO5:Ce (LGSO)Ce3+20,00012.4x = 0.037 in crystalBalcerzyk2000bSilicateQuaternary
Lu(x)Gd(1-x)I3:CeCe3+78,40029540x= 0.7; 2% CeGlodo2008IodideTernary
Lu(x)Y(1-x)I3:CeCe3+68,10028522x= 0.7; 2% CeGlodo2008IodideTernary
Lu1.8Y0.2SiO5:Ce (LYSO)Ce3+7.134,00041 + slow397Pidol2004SilicateQuaternary
Lu2.25Y0.75Al5O12:PrPr3+6.233,0004.4Drozdowski2014OxideQuaternary
Lu2O3:CeCe3+9.52Not detectedYen1996OxideBinary
Lu2O3:CeCe3+9.5Not detectedvanderKolk2007OxideBinary
Lu2S3:CeCe3+6.2528,00032592VantSpijker1998SulfideBinary
Lu2Si2O7:Ce (LPS)Ce3+6.223,00030380Pauwels2000SilicateTernary
Lu2Si2O7:Ce (LPS)Ce3+6.226,00038378Pidol2004SilicateTernary
Lu2Si2O7:Ce (LPS)Ce3+6.29,6000.25% CeCutler2009SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:CeCe3+7.428,000luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.433,00040420Melcher1992SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.427,300Moszynski1997aSilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.427,000404207.9Melcher1996SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.47 (1%); 38.8 (99%)risetime: < 50 ps (88%); 350 ps (12%)Derenzo2000SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.429,000425Haas2008SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.426,0008.4Balcerzyk2000bSilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce (LSO)Ce3+7.422,2000.02% CeCutler2009SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce,CaCe3+7.438,80036.74207.70.1% Ce3+, 0.1% Ca2+Spurrier2008SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Ce/Ca (LSO)Ce3+7.425,4000.1% Ce; 0.1% CaCutler2009SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:PrPr3+7.42,200slow26247Nikl2006SilicateTernary
Lu2SiO5:Pr,CaPr3+7.46.9 (66%); 23.2 (34%) + slow0.2% Pr3+, 0.1% CaYang2009SilicateTernary
Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG)Ce3+6.712,500Mares2004OxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG)Ce3+6.75,606510Lempicki1995OxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.717,000213100.14 % PrOgino2006OxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.716,000263080.25% PrNikl2005OxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.720,00020 (68%); 455 (32%)0.25% PrOgino2006aOxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.716,00017.2 (30%); 53 (16%); 1,590 (54%)3105Swiderski2009OxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.712,4001% PrCutler2009OxideTernary
Lu3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.719,000203104.6Drozdowski2008OxideTernary
LuAlO3:Ce (LuAP)Ce3+8.3411,40016.5; 743650.105% CeMoszynski1997bOxideTernary
LuAlO3:Ce (LuAP)Ce3+8.369,60011; 28; 835390Moses1995OxideTernary
LuAlO3:Ce (LuAP)Ce3+8.3411,300Moszynski1997aOxideTernary
LuAlO3:Ce (LuAP)Ce3+8.3420,50017.9365Lempicki1995OxideTernary
LuBO3:Ce (Calcite)Ce3+6.810,800
12,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
5% CeZhang1999BorateTernary
LuBO3:Ce (vaderite)Ce3+7.43,000
3,900
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
5% CeZhang1999BorateTernary
LuBO3:Pr (Calcite)Pr3+6.84,200
7,300
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
1% PrZhang1999BorateTernary
LuBO3:Pr (vaderite)Pr3+7.44,200
7,300
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
1% PrZhang1999BorateTernary
LuBr3:CeCe3+5.226,00032 + slow0.76% CevanLoef2003BromideBinary
LuCl3:CeCe3+46,60046 + slow0.45% CevanLoef2003Chloride Binary
LuF3:CeCe3+8.38,00028310Birowosuto2009FluorideBinary
LuI3:CeCe3+5.650,00031 (69%); 400 (15%); 3,000 (16%) + slow475; 520Glodo2005IodideBinary
LuI3:CeCe3+5.650,00023-31474decay time depends on Ce3+ concentrationShah2004IodideBinary
LuI3:CeCe3+5.676,000
98,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
complex5405% CeBirowosuto2006aIodideBinary
LuI3:CeCe3+5.6876,000
98,000
(0.5 us)
(10 us)
complex5403.35% CeBirowosuto2006cIodideBinary
LuI3:CeCe3+5.6115,000285222% CeGlodo2008IodideBinary
LuOBr:CeCe3+7.6403, 432Rabatin1982OxybromideTernary
LuOBr:CeCe3+7.587,00025 (56%); 73 (10%)405; 445* 0.10 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 0.5% CeEagleman2011OxybromideTernary
LuOCl:CeCe3+7.2weak x-ray luminescence reportedRabatin1982OxychlorideTernary
LuOCl:CeCe3+7.165,500377 (16%); 1,512 (77%)380* 0.08 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 0.5% CeEagleman2011OxychlorideTernary
LuOF:CeCe3+not observedcrystalline powderEagleman2011OxyfluorideTernary
LuOI:CeCe3+7.7170023 (82%); 73 (10%)430; 480* 0.01 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 1% CeEagleman2011OxyfluorideTernary
LuPO4:CeCe3+6.5317,20025360Lempicki1993PhosphateTernary
MgSr2Si2O7:EuEu2+4,000186 ns (50%); 435 (31%)465crystalline powder; 2% EuDerenzo2011SilicateQuaternary
Na2Gd2B2O7:CeCe3+6,00036 ns (50%); 66 (42%)447; 478crystalline powder; 2 % CeDerenzo2011BorateQuaternary
NaBaPO4:EuEu2+20,000355 ns (32%); 885 (64%)450; 610crystalline powder; 0.5% EuDerenzo2011PhosphateQuaternary
NaGd(PO3)4:CeCe3+3.6221,00012.4313; 332crystalline powder, 2.5% CeZhong2007PhospateQuaternary
NaGd(PO3)4:CeCe3+3.6211,100314, 333crystalline powder; 1% CeZhong2009PhospateQuaternary
NaGdCl43.442,400305; 345; 365crystalline powderPorter2009ChlorideTernary
NaGdCl4:CeCe3+3.4439,40026350; 370crystalline powder; 20% CePorter2009ChlorideTernary
NaI:TlTl+3.6745,0004157.1Sakai1987IodideBinary
NaI:TlTl+3.6743,000Holl1988IodideBinary
NaI:TlTl+3.67415Grabmaier1984IodideBinary
NaI:TlTl+3.675.6Persyk1978IodideBinary
NaI:TlTl+3.6744,000415Haas2008IodideBinary
NaI:TlTl+3.6745,000luminosity = average of APD and PD valuesdehaas2008IodideBinary
NaI:Tl, EuTl+, Eu2+3.6744,0006.3Shiran2010IodideBinary
NaI:Tl, Eu, CaTl+, Eu2+3.6752,0004.90.1% Tl+, 0.1% Eu2+, 0.2% Ca2+Khodyuk2015IodideBinary
NaI:Tl,Caco-doping Tl, Ca34,000± 1,800173 ± 12 (94%); 830 ± 230 (6%)4185.40.03±0.01%Tl 0.21±0.03%Ca (at. % in the melt, with respect to Na+) Improved non-proportionalityYang2015IodideBinary
NaI:Tl,Srco-doping Tl, Sr26,000± 3,100172±10 (92%); 860±160 (8%)4145.30.05±0.02%Tl 0.11±0.01%Sr (at. % in the melt, with respect to Na+) Improved non-proportionalityYang2015IodideBinary
NaI(pure)SX3.6780,00060 ns77K, 14% FWHM for 122 keV gammasPersyk1980IodideBinary
NaI(pure)SX3.673.877K, 50,000 ns peaking timeMoszynski2008IodideBinary
NaLaSiO4:CeCe3+5,00026 ns (32%) + slow405crystalline powder; 5% CeDerenzo2011SilicateQuaternary
NaLuP2O7:CeCe3+4.116,0005.5 (17.7%); 20.4(82.3%)370crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhosphateQuaternary
PbCl2Pb2+5.92302.9 (41%); 20 (32%); 179 (27%)500crystalline powderDerenzo1990ChlorideBinary
PbCl2:GdGd3+5.91,350; 6,20025.60.1% Gd; 173KKim2008ChlorideBinary
PbCO3Pb2+6.67605.6; 27; 155475Luminosity 16,000 photons/MeV at -40CMoses1990CarbonateTernary
PbCO3Pb2+6.66802.0 (22%); 15 (69%); 92 (9%)432; 46511,900 photons/MeV at -120CMoses1991CarboniteTernary
PbFClPb2+7.111,7004; 35392; 420Chen2004Fluoride/ Chloride Ternary
PbFClK+7.11360550Yang2014Fluoride/ ChlorideTernary
PbI2d-a6.1640,00010% in first ns52014K; native defect donor-acceptor recombinationDerenzo2013IodideBinary
PbSO4Pb2+6.44,9001.8; 19; 95; 425335Luminosity 68,500 photons/MeV at -145CMoses1992SulfateTernary
PbSO4Pb2+6.410,0001.85; 14.5; 125-150340; 380Zadneprovski2004SulfateTernary
PbSO4Pb2+6.47.2 (21%); 35 (32%); 104 (39%); 656 (5.5%)35Zhang1994SulfateTernary
PbWO4CX8.282006420QRTAnnenkov2002TungstateTernary
PbWO4CX8.23002.5 (25%); 11 (29%); 98 (46%)490crystalline powderDerenzo1990TungstateTernary
PbWO4:PrPr3+8.22502,000480, 620, 6401% PrNikl2008TungstateTernary
Polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) + diphenylanthracene (DPA) + bismuth tryphenylorganic12,000154209PVK with DPA fluor loaded with 40% bismuth triphenyl by weightRupert2012Quaterary
Polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) + diphenylanthracene (DPA) + bismuth tryphenylorganic30,00012,0005007PVK with Ir-complexes fluor loaded with 40% bismuth triphenyl by weightRupert2012Quaternary
PrBr3:CeCe3+5.321,0008 + 22365; 39520% CeBirowosuto2006bBromideBinary
PrF3Pr3+6.3510394Villora2005FluorideBinary
Rb2CeBr5Ce3+4.2634,00056.1 (98.8%); 329.9 (1.2%)390.56.9Kim2009BromideTernary
Rb2LiCeBr6Ce3+4.633,00055 (87%); 284 (13%)3906.3Rooh2010bBromideQuaternary
Rb2LiCeCl6Ce3+3.123,10071 (85%); 405 (15%)3707.9Rooh2012ChlorideQuaternary
Rb2LiLaBr6:CeCe3+33,00026 (5%); 310 (37%); 1,100 (58%)363; 3874.81% Ce3+: 54,000 photons/neutronBirowosuto2008bBromideQuaternary
Rb2LiYBr6:CeCe3+3.8223,00042 (3%); 140 (23%); 1,600 (74%)385; 4204.70.5% CeBirowosuto2007aBromideQuaternary
Rb2LiYBr6:CeCe3+23,00042 (3%); 140 (23%); 1,600 (74%)381; 4144.70.5% Ce3+; 83,000 photons/neutronBirowosuto2008bBromideQuaternary
Rb2LiYI6:CeCe3+71(53%); 400(31%); 1,400 (16%)Birowosuto2009IodideQuaternary
Rb2LiYI6:CeCe3+11,00071 (31%); 400 53%); 1,400 (16%)435; 480280.5% Ce3+; 37,000 photons/neutronBirowosuto2008bIodideQuaternary
RbClCV2.81190vanEijk1993ChlorideBinary
RbFCV3.617001.3203; 234vanEijk1993FluorideBinary
RbGd2Br7:CeCe3+4.856,00045430Shah2002BromideTernary
RbGd2Br7:CeCe3+4.856,000434104.19.8% CeGuillotNoel1999bBromideTernary
RbGd2Br7:CeCe3+4.755,000604203.85% Ce3+Dorenbos1997BromideTernary
RbLuP2O7:CeCe3+4.21,3006.3 (23.2%); 24.0(76.8%)393crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhosphateQuaternary
RbYP2O7:CeCe3+3.277,0008.8 (14.8%); 27.8(85.2%)393crystalline powder; 0.5% CeYuan2007PhosphateQUaternary
Sc2O3SA3.837,70038; 21735022crystalFukabori2012OxideBinary
ScBO3:BiBi3+3.5300Blasse1968BorateTernary
ScBO3:CeCe3+3.56,500385; 420crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateTernary
Sr5(PO4)3F:CeCe3+4.17340342crystalline powder, 25% CeZeng2006PhosphateQuaternary
SrAl2O4:CeCe3+3,900303801% Ce3+Nakauchi2016AluminateTernary
SrBr2:EuEu2+4.2525,0008Cherepy2009BromideBinary
SrBrI:EuEu2+4.947,000(est.)5% Eu2+Bourret2012Bromide/ IodideTernary
SrClI:EuEu2+4.170,000(est.)5% Eu2+Bourret2012Chloride/ IodideTernary
SrF2:CeCe3+4.34 (24%); 30 (76%)340-35035% CeGektin2009FluorideBinary
SrHfO3:CeCe3+6.740,00042 + slow410transparent ceramicVanLoef2007HafnateTernary
SrI2SA4.5538,0005606.7Cherepy2009IodideBinary
SrI2SA4.55106; 5115605.28Sturm2011aIodideBinary
SrI2:Ce/NaCe3+4.5916,00027 (25%); 450 (75%)404; 4356.40.5% Ce/Navanloef2009IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.690,0001,2004353.7Cherepy2008IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.640,000430Hofstadter1968IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.59120,0001,20043535% Euvanloef2009IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.55115,0001,2004352.86% EuCherepy2009IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.55620 (0.5% Eu); 1650 (10% Eu)429 (0.5% Eu); 436 (10% Eu)crystals < 1 cm^3Glodo2010IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.55104,0001,1004322.622.5% Eu2+Rowe2013IodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.55123; 3,4884302.85Sturm2011aIodideBinary
SrI2:EuEu2+4.5590,0002.7Sturm2011bIodideBinary
SrI2:YbYb2+4.638,400710; 77,000418; 44612.50.5% YbAlekhin2014aIodideBinary
SrI2:YbYb2+4.5556,0006104144.350.5% Yb2+Rowe2013IodideBinary
Ta2Zn3O8SA7.11,130385crystalline powderRack1998OxideTernary
ThBr4SX5.8405Krupa1979BromideBinary
ThCl4SX4.6345Krupa1979ChlorideBinary
Tl2GdCl5Ce3+5.153,000± 5,00032 (76%); 271 (10%); 1600(14%)389~55% Ce in meltKhan2018ChlorideTernary
Tl2HfCl6SA24,200(2x1x1 mm)288, 6340450-47017.7Fujimoto2018ChlorideTernary
Tl2LaCl5Ce3+5.3176,000(8x6x<1mm)36 (89%); 217(6%); 1500 (11%)3833.43% CeHawrami2017ChlorideTernary
Tl2LiYCl6:CeCe3+4.5828,000
30,000
30,500
(1.5 us)
(4 us)
(6 us)
69 (3%); 459 (84%); 1400 (23%)4304.81% CeKim2016ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LiYCl6:CeCe3+4.526,00057 (3%); 431 (64%); 1055 (33%)4354.23% CeHawrami2016ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2ZrCl6SA50,800(2x1x1 mm)696, 2360450-4705.6Fujimoto2018ChlorideTernary
TlCaCl3Intrinsic3.7730,600± 3,060317 (44%); 727 (56%)4255Khan2017ChlorideTernary
TlCdCl3Tl5.312,200(1us)2.6 (~8%) 45 (~47%) 170 (~45%)450Zeff = 68.7Fujimoto2017ChlorideTernary
TlCl(Be,I)71,00020046542Rosette1970ChlorideBinary
TlSr2Br5Tl+6.0337600± 3700 (6x6x5 mm3 sample)390 (66%); 1900 (34%)4412.4% (2x2x1 mm3); 2.7% (5x8x13 mm3)Rooh2017BromideTernary
TlSr2I5Intrinsic5.331,000151 (33%); 605(309); 3000(28%)5288.5Kim2018IodideTernary
TlSr2I5Eu3+5.370,000535 (27%); 3300 (73%)4634.23% EuKim2018IodideTernary
Y2O3SX5.0415,4802837036% of NaI:TlOgorodnikov1996OxideBinary
Y2O3SA5.049,30034; 10735018.4Fukabori2010OxideBinary
Y2O3:BiBi3+5410Blasse1968OxideBinary
Y2O3:CeCe3+5Not detectedYen1996OxideBinary
Y2O3:CeCe3+5Not detectedvanderKolk2007OxideBinary
Y2SiO5:Ce (YSO)Ce3+4.459,200424209Melcher1996SilicateTernary
Y2SiO5:Ce (YSO)Ce3+4.4524,0009.4Balcerzyk2000bSilicateTernary
Y2SiO5:Ce (YSO)Ce3+4.4523,4000.10% CeCutler2009SilicateTernary
Y2SiO5:Ce/Ca (YSO)Ce3+4.4521,2000.10% Ce; 0.10% CaCutler2009SilicateTernary
Y2WO6:BiBi3+1,600515Blasse1968OxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG)SX4.5511,61010026027% of NaI:TlOgorodnikov1996OxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG)Ce3+4.5516,700Moszynski1997aOxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG)Ce3+4.553.5Selim2007OxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG)Ce3+4.55119 + slow300; 550crystal; 0.1% CeMihokova2007OxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:Ce (YAG)Ce3+4.5585 + slow550ceramic; 0.5% CeMihokova2007OxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:PrPr3+6.716,000143200.25% PrOgino2006OxideTernary
Y3Al5O12:PrPr3+4.558,00018 (80%) + slow300-400Dorenbos1993OxideTernary
YAl3B4O12:BiBi3+3.7290Blasse1968BorateQuaternary
YAl3B4O12:CeCe3+3.75,700344; 367crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.3516,20027347Baryshevsky1991OxideTernary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.3521,600Mares2004OxideTernary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.3518,000Moszynski1997aOxideTernary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.3520,10024.2365Lempicki1995OxideTernary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.3515,900deHaas2005OxideTernary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.3526 (90%); 67 (10%)risetime: 240 psDerenzo2000OxideTernary
YAlO3:Ce (YAP)Ce3+5.354.4Kapusta1999OxideTernary
YBa3B9O18SA3.9140027400He2007OxideQuaternary
YBO3:BiBi3+4.51,000328Blasse1968BorateTernary
YBO3:CeCe3+4.510,000390; 415crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateTernary
YBr3:CeCe3+20,00036 (79%); 450 (21%)4221% CeCherginets2012BromideTernary
YCl3:CeCe3+4,500390; 4101% CeCherginets2009ChlorideBinary
YCl3:CeCe3+2.678,70037 (86%); 640 (14%)3831% CeCherginets2012ChlorideBinary
YGd2Ga3Al2O12:CeCe3+44,00056.9( 66%); 236 (34%)8.21% CeKamada2011aOxideQuinary
YI3:CeCe3+4.698,600345492% CeGlodo2008IodideBinary
YMgB5O10:CeCe3+330305crystalline powderKnitel2000BorateQuaternary
YNb0.2Ta0.8O4SA7.16320(38%); 2,430(62%)440luminosity 6 x YTaO4Voloshyna2014Tantalo- niobateQuaternary
YNbO4:BiBi3+465Blasse1968Tantalo- niobateTernary
YOBr:CeCe3+61% of ZnS:Ag65405, 440phosphor, 1% CeBuchanan1981OxybromideTernary
YOBr:CeCe3+5.0610,00025 (76%); 59 (17%)400; 445* 0.15 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powderEagleman2011OxybromideTernary
YOCl:BiBi3+1,400400Blasse1968OxychlorideTernary
YOCl:CeCe3+52% of ZnS:Ag34365, 405phosphor, 1% CeBuchanan1981OxychlorideTernary
YOCl:CeCe3+4.643,50020 (83%)380* 0.05 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 1% CeEagleman2011OxychlorideTernary
YOF:BiBi3+330Blasse1968OxyfluorideTernary
YOF:CeCe3+5.23not observedcrystalline powderEagleman2011OxyfluorideTernary
YOI:CeCe3+5.425,00023 (85%)430; 480* 0.07 x LaBr3:Ce; crystalline powder; 1% CeEagleman2011OxyiodideTernary
YPO4:BiBi3+700342Blasse1968PhosphateTernary
YVO4:BiBi3+4,500559Blasse1968OxideTernary
Zn3Ta2O8SA30,000270 (18%); 1,060 (80%)385crystalline powderDerenzo2011OxideTernary
ZnO:GaGa3+5.70.36 (35%); 0.82 (65%)fast n-type phosphor, risetime < 40 psDerenzo2000OxideBinary
ZnO:GaGa3+5.7<1385fast n-type phosphorLehmann1966OxideBinary
ZnO:Ga/HGa3+5.79,7000.8389crystalline powder; luminosity 54% of YAlO3:CeBourret2009OxideBinary
ZnSe:O5.4271,5004,000; 12,0005957.4luminosity = 1.277 CsI:TlKim2007SelenideBinary
ZnSe:TeTe2- BX5.4255,00050,00064513.2Schotanus1992SelenideBinary
ZnSe:TeTe2- BX5.4228,3006105.4Balcerzyk2002SelenideBinary
ZnWO4CX7.859,30020,000Holl1988TungstateTernary
ZnWO4CX7.8521,800480Grabmaier1984TungstateTernary
ZnWO4CX7.85700; 7,000; 25,0008.5Nagornaya2009TungstateTernary
ZnWO4CX7.851,000; 4,000; 25,00010.7Kraus2009TungstateTernary
ZnWO4CX7.857,17024,00011.1300KKlamra2012TungstateTernary
ZnWO4CX7.858,4609.377KKlamra2012TungstateTernary
CsI:Tl+4.5152,00010005406Hamada2001IodideBinary
NaI:Tl+3.6738,0002504157Aguilar-Arevalo2010Iodide Binary
Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO)7.139,0003004809Nestor1975GermanateTernary
Gd2SiO5:Ce (GSO)6.7110,00056; 6004308Suzuki1994/a>SilicateTernary
Lu1.8Y0.2SiO5:Ce LYSO 7.1933,000404308.5Chewpraditkul2009/a>SilicateQuaternary
Cs2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (CLYC)3.320,0003.6Hamada2001ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LiYCl6:Ce3+ (TLYC)4.5829,0003.8Hawrami2017ChlorideQuaternary
LaCl3:Ce3+3.8650,0003.2Shah2003ChlorideBinary
TlSr2I5:Eu2+ (TSI)5.370,0002.8Soundara-Pandian2021IodideTernary
Tl2LaBr5:Ce3+ (TLB)5.9878,0002.8Shirwadkar2020BromideTernary
Tl2HfCl6 (THC) 5.2532,0003.7Vuong2019ChlorideTernary
Tl2LiGdCl610 % Ce 4.7558,00034; 81%
191; 10%
1200; 9%
3804.6Kim2015ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LiGdBr6No 5.327,00056; 24%
105; 53%
1500; 23%
4357.2Jang2018BromideQuaternary
Tl2LiGdBr610 % Ce 5.317,00029; 92%
197; 8%
42217Kim2016BromideQuaternary
Tl2LiYCl6 5 % Ce4.5829,00056; 3%
432; 65%
923; 32%
4303.815 x 10 x 10 mm3Hawrami2017ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LiYCl6 5 % Ce4.5825,00056; 3%
432; 65%
923; 32%
4303.925.4 mm x 30.8 mm cylinderHawrami2017ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LiLuCl61% Ce 5.0627,00072; 8%
366; 30%
1500; 62%
4285.6Rooh2017ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LiScCl6No 4.4323,0001147; 100%3858.3Henderson2021ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2NaYCl65% Ce 4.5828,00091; 34%
462; 52%
2100; 15%
4304.1Hawrani2021ChlorideQuaternary
Tl2LaCl53% Ce5.282,00037; 83%
360; 7%
5100; 10%
3903.3Hawrani2021ChlorideTernary
Tl2LaCl53% Ce5.248; 100%3903.4Hawrani2021ChlorideTernary
Tl2LaBr51% Ce5.9878,00028; 100%4152.8Shirwadkar2020BromideTernary
Tl2GdCl55% Ce5.154,00032; 76%
271; 10%
1600; 14%
3885Rooh2018ChlorideTernary
Tl2GdBr53% Ce26; 100%5.1Shirwadkar2020BromideTernary
TlGd2Cl75% Ce4.350,00089; 20%
358; 21%
1780; 58%
4056Khan2018ChlorideTernary
TlY2Cl75% Ce8,00095; 48%
422; 26%
1200; 18%
39538vanLoef2021ChlorideTernary
TlSr2I51% Eu 5.32,800500; 90%
3000; 10%
46372Soundara-Pandian2021IodideTernary
TlSr2I55% Eu 5.33,300630; 74%
3600; 26%
46372Hawrani2021IodideTernary
TlCa2Br55% Eu4,000541; 70%
973; 9%
3300; 21%
Hawrani2021BromideTernary
TlSr2Cl54.1521; 50%
651; 50%
43019Arai2020ChlorideTernary
TlSr2Cl50.5% Eu 4.156; 3%
550; 97%
42016Arai2020ChlorideTernary
TlSr2Cl50.5% Ce4.15710; 96%
3500; 4%
38021Arai2020ChlorideTernary
TlMgCl34.435,00060; 25%
350; 75%
40546Fujimoto2016ChlorideTernary
TlMgCl34.433,70046; 9%
166; 23%
449; 68%
40930Hawrami2017ChlorideTernary
TlSrCl310,00021Yanagida2019ChlorideTernary
TlBaCl310,000Less than LY valueYanagida2019ChlorideTernary
TlCaI34.736,00062; 13%46042Hawrami2017IodideTernary
TlCaI34.736,000200; 62%
1440; 25%
53342Hawrami2017IodideTernary
TlAlF46.114,000194; 11%
992; 82%
3500; 7%
39012Daniel2020FluorideTernary
TlHfCl65.254,00093; 8%
460; 29%
1000; 45%
11000; 18%
39832Vuong2019ChlorideTernary
TlHfCl65.253,700300; 15%
1100; 85%
39827Hawrami2020ChlorideTernary
Tl2HfBr65,00022; 99%
870; 9%
55020vanLoef2020BromideTernary
Tl2ZrCl64.54,300870; 9%
2700; 91%
46847Phan2018ChlorideTernary
Tl2ZrCl64.53,400500; 2%
2300; 98%
46835Hawrami2019ChlorideTernary
Tl2ZnCl4122; 73%
827; 27%
49010Arai2020ChlorideTernary
Tl3ZnCl5200081; 74%
577; 26%
490Arai2020ChlorideTernary